The branch of science which deals with the study of interaction among living organisms is known as Ecology. It includes both intra species interactions and interspecies interactions and also the relationship shared by organisms with their respective chemical and physical environment. These arrangements of relationships have developed naturally along with the evolution. An ecosystem has got different levels and it’s directly associated with the formation of life. Without a suitable environment an organism or a particular species cannot survive in a particular place. With evolution the ecosystem may have been changed a bit but drastic changes can never be witnessed and the process is a very ancient one. From years the living organisms are evolving and at present the procedure is still a continuous one. A fixed state can never be achieved as organism evolve according to change of the environment.
Physical components such as soil, air, light and water play the most important role in any types of ecosystem. It must be kept in mind that these above mentioned factors help to determine the types of plants forms which will grow in that particular ecosystem and in return the other living organism forms that inhabit the environment.
Individuals who are studying the science of ecology are called ecologists. They try to observe and study the basic compositions of different ecosystems, individual adaptations, biomass and the way each organism has adapted to a specific environment and how the other living organisms are sharing that ecosystem with it.
The scientist who first named the term ecology is Ernst Heckle. History says that early Greek philosophers and biologist have enough contributed to the modern study if ecology. As ecology and evolution go hand in hand so, the later is also an important topic while studying ecology. Charles Darwin has given various theories regarding evolution which helped to describe and understand the dynamic changes in ecosystem and living organisms and how the changes were made in the adjustment process between the two.
The degree by which a particular organism is different from another in an ecosystem is defined as Biodiversity; it is a special branch of science that is directly related to ecology. It also helps to study the genetic variation of each species. It has been proved with the process of evolution that genetic variation has been witnessed from one generation to the other of same species. The variety and number of species in a particular ecosystem has to be maintained in order to keep the ecological balance of the environment.
An ecologist has to first take reference from the environmental science in order to study the ecology. The individual has to understand the relationship between the organism and the respective ecosystems, the process of adaptation shown by an organism, variations between species according to its environment, diversity of the organism and lastly the interaction among various ecosystems. An ecologist must always try to protect the ecosystem and also make the individuals understand the importance of the ecological balance.